Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing (United States) — NAICS 335210

1. Overview

This is the business behind the countertop and household electrics people use every day: toasters, coffee makers, blenders, air fryers, stand mixers, hair dryers and stylers, electric fans and space heaters, and household vacuum cleaners. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS — the U.S. government's standard for grouping businesses) puts these products in code 335210, "Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing." [1]

Here is the single most important thing an investor should understand up front: the U.S. companies in this business are mostly brand-and-design houses, not factory owners. Firms such as SharkNinja, Hamilton Beach, and Helen of Troy design products, build brands, and control retail shelf space — but the actual assembly happens overseas, overwhelmingly in China and, increasingly, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia. SharkNinja says it manufactures none of its own products and that its contract assemblers are primarily in China. [8][20] That means the federal statistics that count U.S. manufacturing plants capture only a sliver of the real economic activity (see Section 3).

Why an investor cares: small appliances are a consumer-discretionary, cyclical, innovation-driven category. Owners make money by turning a cheap imported unit into a branded product a shopper will pay a premium for, then selling millions of them through Walmart, Amazon, Target, and Costco. Winners ride product fads (air fryers, robot vacuums, viral hair tools); losers get squeezed by tariffs, cheap direct-from-China competitors, and fickle demand.

Ways in: For public-market investors there is a genuine range of choices, from a $20-billion pure-play growth name to small-cap value and dividend stocks (Section 4). For private investors, several of the largest brands (Conair/Cuisinart, Dyson, Lasko, Vornado) are privately held, and there is a supporting ecosystem of contract manufacturers and component suppliers.

2. What it is and how it's structured

Scope. NAICS 335210 covers establishments that manufacture small electric household appliances and housewares, including electric fans (except attic fans), household-type vacuum cleaners and other electric floor-care machines, portable electric cooking and personal-care devices — toasters, coffee makers, griddles, skillets, slow cookers, curling irons — as well as electric blankets, humidifiers and dehumidifiers, and residential ceiling and bath fans. [1]

What it EXCLUDES (named adjacent NAICS codes matter, because the "appliance" business is split across several):

• Large "white goods" — refrigerators, washers, dryers, dishwashers, ranges — are 335220, Major Household Appliance Manufacturing, not this code. [1]
• Microwave and convection ovens sit in 335221, Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing. [1]
• Room air conditioners are also excluded from 335210. [1]
• Attic and commercial fans/blowers are 333413. [1]
• Commercial/industrial vacuum cleaners are 333318. [1] So 335210 is specifically the small, portable, plug-in household end of the appliance world.

Ownership mix. The domestic manufacturing base is small and fragmented — 135 firms operating 178 establishments as of the latest counts. [2] But the economically dominant players are large, publicly traded (or large private) brand companies that outsource production. Ownership therefore runs across three types: (a) focused public brand houses (SharkNinja, Hamilton Beach); (b) diversified consumer-products conglomerates that own appliance brands among many others (Newell, Helen of Troy, Spectrum Brands); and (c) private brand owners and contract manufacturers.

3. How big it is

Our ground-truth federal statistics describe the domestic manufacturing footprint of the industry:

The undercount is the headline, not a footnote. These figures count only appliances physically made in U.S. plants. Because the major American brands import essentially all their finished goods, most of the industry's real revenue never shows up as U.S. "manufacturing shipments." A single public company, SharkNinja, reported net sales of about $6.4 billion in fiscal 2025 — roughly 1.7 times the entire federal domestic-shipments figure for the whole industry [3][6] — yet almost none of that is captured here because its products are assembled offshore. Hamilton Beach ($607 million in 2025 revenue) tells the same story. [21] For scale on the demand side, one market-research estimate puts the U.S. small kitchen appliance market alone at about $12 billion in 2026, growing to roughly $14.5 billion by 2031 (~3.7% a year). [7]

The broader retail picture adds context but requires caution. The International Housewares Association and Circana measured 2025 retail sales of a much wider "small appliances" basket at $44.9 billion — comprising kitchen electrics ($13.8 billion), personal care ($10.9 billion), home comfort and water filtration ($10.6 billion), and floorcare ($8.4 billion). [23] That figure is not a valid estimate of NAICS 335210 output: it includes imported finished goods, retail and distribution margins, replacement filters and accessories, and products such as countertop microwaves and room air conditioners that lie outside this NAICS code. Read the federal numbers as a measure of domestic production capacity, not of the industry's economic size.

4. The investable universe

There is a surprisingly deep public menu, ranging from a focused large-cap to diversified owners. Tickers and scale below; figures are latest reported.

Foreign-listed brand owners with big U.S. share include De'Longhi (Milan), Breville (Australia), Groupe SEB (Paris), and Philips (personal care). Groupe SEB says small domestic equipment represented about 88% of its 2025 sales and includes brands such as Tefal, Rowenta, Moulinex, Krups, All-Clad, and WMF. [24] Techtronic Industries (Hong Kong) owns the Hoover, Dirt Devil, and Oreck floorcare brands. [25] These are accessible via international brokers or American Depositary Receipts.

Major private / other owners: Conair LLC (Conair, Cuisinart) — privately held; Dyson (UK, private) in vacuums, fans, and hair tools; family-owned Bissell (floorcare) and Vitamix (blenders); and U.S. private specialists Lasko and Vornado in fans and heaters. [29] Whirlpool, primarily a major-appliance maker (NAICS 335220), also participates through KitchenAid countertop products. Recognizable appliance brands circulate through private-equity and restructuring markets — Centre Lane Partners acquired the Instant appliance business (including Instant Pot) from bankruptcy in November 2023. [28]

Bottom line for stock pickers: SharkNinja is the closest thing to a pure play and is a growth name; Hamilton Beach and National Presto are small-cap value/dividend plays; the rest give appliance exposure inside a larger consumer-products basket. There is no dedicated small-appliance ETF — broad exposure comes through consumer-discretionary and durables funds.

5. How the money works

Because most owners are asset-light importers, the economics are those of a branded consumer-products business, not a factory. There is no single "industry margin" — economics vary with brand strength, price tier, product novelty, channel mix, and sourcing competence.

• Unit economics = volume × average selling price (ASP), minus landed cost. Owners buy finished units from third-party factories (Hamilton Beach sources from about 70 suppliers, roughly two-thirds in China [8][21]), pay freight and tariffs to land them, then sell to retailers. The profit lever is turning a low-cost commodity into a branded product that commands a higher ASP.
• Gross margin is the scoreboard. Cost of goods is dominated by the imported unit cost, ocean freight, and — critically today — tariffs. SharkNinja, representing the premium, innovation-heavy end, reported a 49.0% gross margin on $6.4 billion of 2025 global net sales. Hamilton Beach, a more mature value-oriented model, reported a 25.7% gross margin on $607 million of 2025 revenue. [20][21] The difference shows what moves profitability: premium pricing, patented or visibly differentiated features, fast product iteration, strong reviews, direct-to-consumer sales, and entry into growing categories expand gross margin; mature products sold through concentrated mass retailers face private-label competition and price resistance.
• Marketing and shelf space are the real moat. SharkNinja spent 22.8% of 2025 sales on sales and marketing and 5.8% on R&D. [20] The winners out-innovate and out-market rather than out-manufacture.
• Retailer concentration cuts both ways. A handful of buyers — Walmart, Amazon, Target, Costco — move most volume, so shelf placement is make-or-break and private-label pressure is constant. Walmart generated 29% and Amazon 19% of Hamilton Beach's 2025 revenue; its five largest customers generated 62%. [21]
• Working capital and seasonality. The business is inventory- and receivables-heavy, with a pronounced Q4 holiday-gifting peak. Misjudging a fad leaves obsolete inventory; nailing one (air fryers in 2020–21) prints cash. Hamilton Beach finances inventory ahead of the holiday peak with cash or its $125 million revolving facility. [21]
• Sourcing flexibility is now a P&L weapon. Because tariffs land directly in COGS, the ability to shift production between countries protects margin. SharkNinja spent years building factories across six countries and moving out of China, and credits that flexibility for blunting tariff hits that have still cost it hundreds of millions of dollars. [15] Hamilton Beach reported a one-time $5.3 million tariff cost in 2025 that reduced full-year gross margin by 90 basis points. [21]
• Cyclicality. Demand tracks consumer discretionary spending, housing/household formation, and a replacement cycle of roughly five to six years for most categories. [16]

6. What drives demand

Reported demand drivers:

• Consumer discretionary spending and confidence — most of these purchases are deferrable; when household budgets tighten, shoppers delay upgrades or trade down on features rather than exit the category. [16]
• Replacement cycles — hair dryers, coffee makers, food-prep appliances, and vacuums typically turn over every five to six years, and a wave of pandemic-era purchases is now aging into replacement. [16]
• Household and housing formation — new homes and rental move-ins pull through appliance buying; compact/stackable demand rises with smaller living spaces and multifamily growth. [16]
• Product innovation and fads — category-defining hits (air fryers, robot vacuums, single-serve coffee, cordless stick vacuums, premium hair tools, countertop ice makers, pizza ovens) create demand spikes; social-media virality can turn a product into a sudden must-have.
• Health and wellness trends — air purifiers, steam cooking/cleaning, and dental-care devices. [16]
• Premiumization and connectivity — smart, app-connected, and higher-feature models raise ASPs even when unit volumes are flat. [16]

Category performance is uneven, not a uniform rising tide. The 2025 IHA/Circana data show kitchen-electrics sales up 4.1% (coffee/espresso up 6.1%), home comfort and water filtration up 1.9%, while floorcare declined 1.0% and personal care declined 0.6%. [23] SharkNinja's 2025 results illustrate the launch-driven model: food-preparation sales rose 31.6% and beauty/home-environment sales 45.3%, while core air-fryer sales declined — growth came from frozen-drink products, espresso, fans, and air purifiers rather than across-the-board strength. [20]

E-commerce structurally rewards demonstration-friendly products, compelling content, ratings, and rapid iteration; the IHA/Circana data attribute about 60% of small-appliance and housewares purchases to online channels. [23] This reduces the historic primacy of physical shelf space but creates dependence on platform algorithms, digital advertising, and review quality — and also lowers entry barriers for Asian manufacturers and digitally native brands.

Forward-looking judgment: the near-term setup is moderate growth — a post-pandemic replacement wave and premiumization pushing value up, offset by budget-constrained consumers trading down. Expect low-to-mid single-digit category growth rather than a boom or a collapse. [16]

7. Regulation

Small appliances are regulated mainly for safety and, secondarily, for energy and trade — not as a rate-regulated or licensed industry.

• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Enforces the Consumer Product Safety Act, oversees fire/shock/burn hazards, and runs the recall system that governs this category. [17] Product safety is a high-severity tail risk because appliances combine electricity with heat, blades, motors, pressure, water, and increasingly lithium-ion batteries. In May 2025 CPSC recalled approximately 1.85 million SharkNinja pressure cookers following 106 reported burn injuries and 26 lawsuits. [26]
• Certification and import filing. Manufacturers and importers must identify all applicable CPSC rules and issue conformity certificates where required. Beginning July 8, 2026, importers of most regulated consumer products became subject to electronic certificate filing with Customs and Border Protection. [27]
• Safety certification (UL/ETL). Testing to Underwriters Laboratories or equivalent Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory standards is voluntary in law but a de facto requirement — major retailers won't stock uncertified electrics. [17][18]
• FCC electromagnetic-interference rules apply to the electronics inside these devices. [18]
• Department of Energy (DOE) efficiency standards. Energy regulation is product-specific, not universal across NAICS 335210. Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, DOE sets and certifies energy-conservation standards for covered products — ceiling fans, dehumidifiers, and certain air-cleaning products face DOE test procedures, efficiency standards, and certification; FTC EnergyGuide labeling also covers ceiling fans. [19][30][31] Most countertop appliances such as blenders and toasters are not federally energy-regulated.
• FTC governs advertising and labeling, including "Made in USA" claims.
• Trade policy is, in practice, the most consequential regulation. Because the industry runs on imports, Section 301 tariffs on Chinese goods and broader tariff actions function as the single biggest external cost driver — effectively a tax on the business model. [17]

8. Competitive dynamics and consolidation

The domestic manufacturing base is moderately concentrated — the top four producers account for 58.6% of shipments and the HHI of about 1,094 sits just inside the "moderately concentrated" band under federal merger guidelines. [3] But the brand market is where competition actually plays out, and it is intensely dynamic:

• Innovation-led disruption. SharkNinja vaulted past legacy incumbents on product cadence and marketing; Dyson built a premium franchise in vacuums, fans, and hair; and in robot vacuums, pioneer iRobot has been steadily displaced by lower-priced Chinese brands (Roborock, Anker's eufy, Ecovacs), a cautionary tale about how fast leadership erodes here. [11] SharkNinja identifies Dyson, Bissell, and Hoover in floorcare, and Vitamix, De'Longhi, Breville, Hamilton Beach, and Cuisinart in kitchen appliances as competitors, while noting that no single competitor spans every category. [20]
• Cheap direct-from-China competition. Marketplaces like Amazon and Temu let Chinese OEMs sell their own branded goods directly, squeezing the value tier and compressing margins on commodity products. Hamilton Beach explicitly describes weak entry barriers, retailer private labels, and customers considering direct Asian sourcing as competitive threats. [21]
• Consolidation history. The diversified owners were assembled by M&A — Jarden's appliance brands (Oster, Sunbeam, Mr. Coffee, Crock-Pot) rolled into Newell; JS Global spun SharkNinja out as a standalone public company; Spectrum Brands has repeatedly reshaped its portfolio through divestitures. [13][14] Expect continued portfolio churn as conglomerates prune non-core brands.

Forward-looking judgment: the durable winners will be the innovators with sourcing flexibility and marketing muscle; commodity/value players face structural margin pressure from Chinese direct competition.

9. Risks

• Tariffs and trade policy — the defining risk; changes flow straight into COGS and force costly sourcing shifts. Even well-hedged SharkNinja has absorbed hundreds of millions in tariff costs. [15]
• Consumer cyclicality — discretionary, deferrable purchases fall in downturns. [16]
• Retail concentration and channel shift — dependence on a few big buyers, plus the migration to e-commerce and private label.
• Fad and inventory risk — short product cycles mean a missed trend leaves obsolete stock; a supply misjudgment on a hit product costs sales.
• Commodity and freight costs — plastics, metals, electronics, and ocean freight swing gross margin.
• Product liability and recalls — electrical products carry fire/shock/burn exposure and recall costs; a single defect can produce remediation expense, inventory destruction, retailer disruption, litigation, and lasting brand damage. [17][26]
• Low barriers on commodity goods — easy entry at the cheap end invites relentless Chinese direct competition.
• Supply-chain concentration — heavy reliance on a limited supplier base in a few countries. [8]

10. How to invest and the outlook

Public-market routes.

• Pure-play growth: SharkNinja (SN) — the category's clearest and largest listed play, though it trades at a growth multiple and carries tariff/execution risk. [6][9]
• Small-cap value and income: Hamilton Beach (HBB) and National Presto (NPK) are dividend-paying small caps; note that Presto's earnings increasingly lean on its Defense segment, so it is only partly an appliance bet. [5][10]
• Diversified exposure: Newell (NWL), Helen of Troy (HELE), and Spectrum Brands (SPB) fold appliances into a broader consumer-products portfolio — lower purity, but also lower single-category risk. [12][13][14]
• Turnaround/distressed: iRobot (IRBT) is a speculative situation. [11]
• International: De'Longhi, Breville, Groupe SEB, Techtronic Industries, and Philips via foreign exchanges or ADRs. [24][25]
• There is no dedicated ETF; broad exposure comes through consumer-discretionary and household-durables funds.

Private-market routes. Several of the biggest brands are privately held (Conair/Cuisinart, Dyson, Bissell, Vitamix, Lasko, Vornado), and there is an ecosystem of contract manufacturers and component suppliers that periodically changes hands via private equity. Private investors can also buy operating brands, distribution/licensing rights, or — rarely, given the offshore model — domestic production assets. Attractive targets combine repeatable product-development capability, diversified suppliers and retailers, low warranty incidence, disciplined inventory, and defensible reviews or intellectual property.

Near-term outlook (forward-looking judgment). Expect moderate, low-to-mid single-digit growth, with the winners defined by three things: (1) sourcing flexibility to blunt tariffs, now a core competitive advantage rather than a back-office function; (2) innovation and premiumization to lift ASPs while budget-strained consumers trade down on commodity items; and (3) marketing and shelf/e-commerce dominance. The post-pandemic replacement cycle is a tailwind; cheap Chinese direct competition and trade-policy volatility are the persistent headwinds. This remains a cyclical, discretionary category — rewarding to the nimble brand operator, unforgiving to the commodity manufacturer. [15][16]

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Sources

1. U.S. Census Bureau / NAICS, "NAICS Code 335210 — Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing" (definition, inclusions, and exclusions), 2022. https://www.census.gov/naics/?input=335210
2. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, NAICS 335210 (establishments, employment, payroll), 2023. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp.html
3. U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census — Concentration Ratios and Shipments, NAICS 335210 (firms, receipts, CR4/CR8/CR50, HHI), 2022. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census.html
4. U.S. Small Business Administration, "Table of Small Business Size Standards," NAICS 335210 (1,500 employees), 2023. https://www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards
5. Hamilton Beach Brands Holding Company, "Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results" (2024 revenue $654.7M), 2025. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hamilton-beach-brands-holding-company-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2024-results-302386383.html
6. SharkNinja, Inc., Form 6-K / FY2025 results press release (net sales ~$6.4B), 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1957132/000195713225000018/exhibit993pressreleaseofsh.htm
7. Mordor Intelligence, "U.S. Small Kitchen Appliances Market Size Report" (~$12.07B 2026, ~3.72% CAGR to ~$14.49B 2031), 2026. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/us-small-kitchen-appliances-market
8. Hamilton Beach Brands Holding Co., Form 10-K FY2024 (third-party suppliers, ~70 suppliers, ~two-thirds in China), 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1709164/000170916425000008/hbb-20241231.htm
9. Macrotrends / CompaniesMarketCap, "SharkNinja (SN) Market Capitalization" (~$21B, July 2026), 2026. https://companiesmarketcap.com/sharkninja/marketcap/
10. National Presto Industries — Wikipedia and SEC Form 8-K FY2025 (three segments: Housewares/Small Appliance, Defense, Safety; ~$474M TTM revenue), 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Presto_Industries
11. iRobot Corporation, "Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2024 Financial Results" (2024 revenue ~$0.68B, down from $0.89B), 2025. https://investor.irobot.com/news-releases/news-release-details/irobot-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2024-financial
12. Statista / Happi, "Helen of Troy revenue by segment" (Beauty & Wellness incl. hair appliances; ~$1.9B TTM revenue), 2024–2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/715642/helen-of-troy-revenue-segment/
13. Newell Brands, corporate brand pages and Fortune profile (Crock-Pot, Mr. Coffee, Oster, Sunbeam within Home & Commercial Solutions; Jarden acquisition history), 2016–2025. https://www.newellbrands.com/our-brands/crock-pot
14. Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc., Form 8-K / Annual Report FY2025 (Home & Personal Care segment; ~$2.8B FY2025 net sales; HHI divestiture), 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/109177/000162828025038586/earningsreleaseexhibit991.htm
15. Supply Chain Dive and The Boston Globe, "SharkNinja pulls China-based manufacturing to avoid tariffs / reaps benefits of moving production out of China" (six-country factory network, Vietnam/SE Asia shift, tariff costs), 2025. https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/sharkninja-leverages-production-flexibility-to-mitigate-tariffs/821264/
16. NIQ (NielsenIQ), "Home Appliances Outlook 2026: North America," and Future Market Insights, "Repairable Small Appliances Market" (replacement cycles ~5–6 years, demand drivers, moderate 2026 growth), 2025. https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/report/2025/home-appliances-outlook-2026-north-america/
17. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, "Household Electrical Products — Business Guidance," and White & Case LLP, "United States Finalizes Section 301 Tariff Increases on Imports from China," 2024. https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Business-Education/Business-Guidance/Household-Electrical-Products
18. National Institute of Standards and Technology, "NISTIR 8118r2: A Guide to United States Electrical and Electronic Equipment Compliance Requirements" (UL/NRTL and FCC framework), 2021. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2021/NIST.IR.8118r2.pdf
19. U.S. Department of Energy, "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification, Labeling, and Enforcement," Federal Register, 2024. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/10/09/2024-21950/energy-conservation-program-for-appliance-standards-certification-requirements-labeling-requirements
20. SharkNinja, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 (global net sales $6.399B, 49.0% gross margin, $920.3M operating income, R&D 5.8%, S&M 22.8%, competitor landscape, category performance), 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1957132/000195713226000015/sharkninja-20251231.htm
21. Hamilton Beach Brands Holding Co., Form 10-K FY2025 (2025 revenue $606.9M, 25.7% gross margin, 6.0% operating margin, customer concentration, tariff impact, $125M revolving facility), 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1709164/000170916426000037/hbb-20251231.htm
22. U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Integrated Economic Survey (AIES), NAICS 33521 (2023 sales/revenue $3.599B, payroll $401.7M), 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/AIESBASICTIMESERIES.AIES31BASIC01?codeset=naics~33521
23. International Housewares Association / Circana, "MarketScope 2026" (2025 small-appliances retail sales $44.94B; category breakdown: kitchen electrics $13.84B, personal care $10.93B, home comfort $10.57B, floorcare $8.40B; 60% online channel), 2026. https://www.homepagenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/26_Market-Scope-Downloadable-PDF-0512.pdf
24. Groupe SEB, 2025 Universal Registration Document (small domestic equipment ~88% of 2025 sales; brands include Tefal, Rowenta, Moulinex, Krups, All-Clad, WMF), 2026. https://www.groupeseb.com/sites/default/files/2026-05/SEB_DEU_2025_US_1.pdf
25. Techtronic Industries, 2025 Annual Report (Hoover, Dirt Devil, Oreck floorcare brands), 2026. https://www.ttigroup.com/sites/default/files/2026-03/ar2025.pdf
26. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Recall Notice: SharkNinja Foodi Multi-Function Pressure Cookers (~1.85 million units, 106 burn injuries, 26 lawsuits), May 2025. https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/SharkNinja-Recalls-1-8-Million-Foodi-Multi-Function-Pressure-Cookers-Due-to-Burn-Hazard-Serious-Burn-Injuries-Reported
27. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, "General Use Products: Certification and Testing" (electronic certificate filing requirement effective July 8, 2026), 2025. https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/Testing-Certification/General-Use-Products-Certification-and-Testing
28. Centre Lane Partners, "An Affiliate of Centre Lane Partners Acquires the Appliances Division of Instant Brands" (Instant Pot acquisition from bankruptcy), November 2023. https://www.centrelanepartners.com/2023/11/15/an-affiliate-of-centre-lane-partners-acquires-the-appliances-division-of-instant-brands-maker-of-kitchen-appliances-consumer-favorites-including-instant-pot/
29. Bissell, Inc., Company History (family-owned since 1876), 2025. https://www.bissell.com/about-us
30. U.S. Department of Energy, "Ceiling Fans" (test procedures and efficiency standards for covered ceiling-fan products), 2025. https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/ceiling-fans
31. Federal Trade Commission, "EnergyGuide Labeling FAQs for Appliance Manufacturers" (labeling requirements for ceiling fans and other covered products), 2024. https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/energyguide-labeling-faqs-appliance-manufacturers