All Other Animal Production (U.S.) — NAICS 11299

A NAICS industry (5-digit) that contains exactly one national industry (6-digit): 112990. For full detail, read the 112990 primer; this page is a short rollup.

1. Overview

NAICS 11299, "All Other Animal Production," is the catch-all bucket of American livestock farming under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) — the standard business-category set used by the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It groups animals that don't fit the big, dedicated codes (cattle, hogs, poultry, sheep and goats, fish) into one residual category: bison ranching, farmed deer and elk, llamas and alpacas, worm and insect farms, companion-animal breeding, mixed-animal operations, and — the economically serious part — companies that breed laboratory mice, rats, and research monkeys for drug testing.[1]

The one thing an investor needs to know up front: almost none of this is a large or coherent "industry," but a single slice is a real, high-margin, globally consolidated business — the supply of purpose-bred research animals to biopharma. That slice holds nearly all the analyzable value and carries unusual regulatory and reputational risk.

2. What's inside — and why this level equals its one child

NAICS is a nested pyramid. At the 5-digit "industry" level, 11299 is meant to hold one or more 6-digit "national industries." Here it holds exactly one: 112990, All Other Animal Production. There is no second sibling to blend in. As a result, 11299 and 112990 are effectively the same thing — the 5-digit code is a pure pass-through to its single 6-digit child, with identical scope, definition, and boundaries.[1]

That scope, per the Census Bureau, is farms that raise animals not covered by any other animal code, or that raise a mix of animals with no single family accounting for at least half of output.[1] Practically, it stitches together unrelated businesses by process of elimination:

• Premium-protein ranching — bison, farmed deer and elk (cervids).
• Niche / lifestyle breeding — llamas and alpacas (camelids), companion animals raised for sale (dogs, cats, aviary birds).
• Laboratory-animal breeding — rats, mice, guinea pigs, engineered models, and research primates (the value core).
• Emerging insect protein — black soldier fly larvae and worms for feed, pet food, and fertilizer.

What it explicitly excludes matters, because several animals people assume are here have their own codes: bees/honey (112910), horses and equines (112920), fur-bearing animals and rabbits (112930), plus cattle, dairy, hogs, poultry, sheep/goats, and aquaculture — each elsewhere in NAICS.[1] Veterinary services, shelters, grooming, pet retail, and feed manufacturing are also out; only the breeding of animals for sale falls in this code.

Because there is only one child, everything below applies equally to 11299 and 112990. For the segment-by-segment detail — company profiles, disease specifics, and the full source set — see the 112990 primer.

3. Size (this level's rollup figures)

Honest caveat first: standard federal business statistics barely cover this code, and our ground-truth dataset for 11299 contains no ingested metric at all. We say so plainly rather than invent one. The reasons are structural: the Economic Census is establishment- and payroll-based and does not meaningfully enumerate farm-based animal production; Census Nonemployer Statistics explicitly exclude the entire Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector; government- and university-owned facilities fall outside Economic Census coverage; and very small cells are withheld for confidentiality.[3][4] Farms are counted instead by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Census of Agriculture. So the usual analyst metrics — establishment counts, employment, payroll — are simply not published here.

The one clean federal figure that carries down from the child is a threshold, not a market size: the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) size standard of $2.75 million in average annual receipts — the ceiling below which a firm counts as "small" for federal programs.[2] That is an eligibility line, not industry revenue.

To size the code at all, you assemble it animal by animal from USDA and industry sources (all detailed in the child primer):

Undercount caveat: because farms are enumerated by USDA rather than the business-statistics programs, and because most operators are tiny, part-time, or individually owned, this code is genuinely under-measured in the datasets investors normally use. The one part that shows up cleanly in commercial data — laboratory-animal breeding — does so mostly through the public filings of the few firms that dominate it. Do not treat any available federal total as a complete addressable market.

4. Investable universe (where value concentrates)

Almost all analyzable value sits in one segment — laboratory animals — and even there, public exposure is narrow and indirect. There is no bison, deer, camelid, or pet-breeding pure-play on any U.S. exchange, and no basket tracks the code. (Tickers and valuation context are reserved for this section and Section 10.)

• Charles River Laboratories (NYSE: CRL) — the only scaled listed proxy. Its Research Models & Services (RMS) segment generated $829.4M of revenue in 2024, about 20% of the company's ~$4.05B total. You are buying a diversified drug-development-services company, not a livestock play.[11][12]
• Inotiv (OTC: NOTVQ, formerly Nasdaq: NOTV) — a direct but distressed research-model name; filed a prepackaged Chapter 11 in June 2026 and confirmed a reorganization plan in July 2026.[13]
• Darling Ingredients (NYSE: DAR) and Tyson Foods (NYSE: TSN) — large diversified companies with small insect-protein arms (EnviroFlight; a stake in Protix), a thematic tilt rather than direct exposure.[17][18]

The rest is private or non-corporate: The Jackson Laboratory (nonprofit, leading mouse-model supplier), Taconic Biosciences (Avista Capital-owned), and Marshall BioResources (family-owned) in lab animals;[14][15][16] Turner Enterprises and tribal herds in bison;[6] and thousands of tiny independent operators across camelids, companion animals, cervids, and worms with no consolidated ownership.

Value concentrates exactly where customers demand consistent genetics, biosecure facilities, reliable cold-chain shipping, and regulatory standing — which is why lab animals scale and everything else stays local.

5. How the money works

Because the code lumps together unrelated businesses, owners earn returns in fundamentally different ways:

1. Premium-protein ranching (bison, venison). Cow-calf economics with a health-food premium — revenue from live animals, breeding stock, direct-to-consumer meat, and preserve fees. Slow and capital-heavy: land and fencing are expensive, herds grow gradually, and demand persistently outruns supply.[8]
2. High-value genetic breeding stock (trophy deer; historically alpacas). The animal itself is the product; value is in genetics. Alpacas are the cautionary tale — a 2000s breeding bubble collapsed after 2008 and the herd has roughly halved since.[7]
3. Recurring industrial supply of research animals — the real profit pool. Breeders sell purpose-bred, genetically defined, health-monitored animals on a recurring basis, layered with services (engineered models, colony management, specialty diets). Economics are volume × price, with genuine pricing power in specialty models and non-human primates (NHPs). NHP pricing is the swing factor and is volatile: Charles River's RMS operating margin fell to 13.8% in 2024 from 19.5% in 2023 as primate demand and pricing normalized.[11]
4. Emerging insect protein. Capital-, automation-, and adoption-driven; a market-development story, not yet a profit pool.[17][18]

Across all of it, biological inventory behaves unlike manufactured stock — breeding cycles cap how fast supply can grow, while disease or mortality can destroy inventory suddenly. Useful metrics: survival and breeding rates, genetic consistency, revenue per breeding unit, customer concentration, repeat-order rates, and compliance incidents.

6. Demand drivers

Demand is end-market specific: consumer appetite for lean, "better-for-you" protein for bison and venison (supply, not demand, is the binding constraint);[8] hunting-preserve and trophy-genetics demand for cervids;[9] and — the engine for the code's most valuable segment — biopharma R&D budgets, preclinical drug pipelines, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and academic funding, and outsourcing to contract research organizations (CROs) for laboratory animals.[10][11] Sustainability-driven feed and pet-food channels drive insects.[17][18]

A major counter-current: regulators are moving to reduce animal testing. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) — organ-on-chip systems, organoids, and computational models — are a slow structural headwind to research-animal demand even as biologic pipelines expand.[28]

7. Regulation

This code is unusually regulation-driven for its size, because welfare, disease, and wildlife-trafficking rules bear directly on the animals. The key threads (all detailed in the child primer):

• Animal Welfare Act (AWA), enforced by USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Covers dealers, breeders, and research facilities — but excludes rats, mice, and birds bred for research, so the highest-volume lab animals fall outside it, while dogs, cats, and primates are covered.[19] The Envigo beagle case (60-plus violations, ~4,000 dogs surrendered, a record $35M+ penalty) shows how severe enforcement can be.[26]
• Federally funded research oversight via NIH's Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) — which catch the species the AWA carve-out does not.[20]
• Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) controls for farmed cervids under APHIS's Herd Certification Program; some states restrict or ban cervid farming outright.[27]
• Wildlife-trafficking and import law for research primates (Endangered Species Act, Lacey Act, CITES, U.S. Fish & Wildlife, APHIS permits). A November 2022 Department of Justice (DOJ) smuggling indictment and Charles River's February 2023 disclosure of a DOJ subpoena and voluntary suspension of Cambodian primate shipments both tightened supply.[23][24][25]
• Animal-feed and food safety via the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine and the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) — relevant to the insect-feed segment.[21]
• The structural shift away from animal testing: the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 (2022) and the FDA's April 2025 roadmap to phase out animal testing (starting with monoclonal antibodies) — the single most important long-run regulatory factor for the research-animal segment.[28]

8. Consolidation

The residual nature of the code creates deep fragmentation — a dog breeder, a lab-mouse supplier, and an insect producer share nothing but a classification number. Consolidation runs in only two places:

• Laboratory animals — concentrated and consolidating. Charles River leads globally; Inotiv/Envigo is a distant, financially troubled second (Chapter 11 in 2026); private JAX, Taconic, and Marshall round out the field. Barriers are high: proprietary genetics, biosecurity track records, regulatory standing, cold-chain logistics, and scarce NHP import licenses. The strategic trend is vertical integration into broader preclinical-testing services.[11][13][14]
• Insects — capital-favored and consolidating early, with corporate backers (Darling, Tyson) positioning ahead of demand.[17][18]

Everything else — bison, deer/elk, camelids, companion animals, worms — stays fragmented, supply-limited, hobbyist, or contracting, with no consolidation dynamic worth modeling.

9. Risks

• Biological / disease. CWD is effectively existential for cervid farms; colony biosecurity is critical for lab breeders; genetic drift and mortality can destroy biological inventory suddenly.[27]
• Regulatory, legal, reputational. AWA enforcement can be severe (the $35M Envigo case); animal-rights litigation targets research breeders and primate imports; the FDA's move toward non-animal methods is a genuine secular demand risk for the code's most valuable segment.[26][23][28]
• Single-source supply chains. Research-primate supply concentrated in a few countries (Cambodia, China) exposes it to geopolitics and enforcement shocks.[25]
• Commodity and cyclical exposure. Bison and deer prices, drought, feed costs, and land values swing returns; long production cycles amplify boom-bust (the alpaca bubble).[7]
• Small-scale fragility. Most operators are tiny, undercapitalized, and illiquid — and even the number-two lab-animal supplier entered bankruptcy in 2026.[13]
• Data and concentration risk for investors. Incomplete federal coverage makes sizing hard, and there is essentially one quality public proxy (Charles River) — of which research-model breeding is only about a fifth. You cannot get clean, diversified public exposure to this code.[11]

10. How to invest & outlook

Public routes (valuation context belongs here): Charles River (NYSE: CRL) is the only scaled listed way in — judge it as a life-sciences services stock, not a livestock play, with RMS (~$829M of ~$4.05B revenue) one segment.[11] Inotiv (OTC: NOTVQ) is a small-cap, post-restructuring special situation — speculative.[13] Darling (NYSE: DAR) and Tyson (NYSE: TSN) offer only a small insect-protein thematic tilt.[17][18] No pure-play bison, deer, alpaca, or pet-breeding equity exists.

Private routes: direct ranch or preserve ownership (land-heavy, illiquid, hands-on); growth capital, venture, or asset-backed lending to research-model, CRO-services, and insect operators; branded "better-for-you" bison protein brands; and farmland/ranchland funds for the land layer. Key diligence: facility permits, animal-welfare and compliance history, mortality and breeding data, customer concentration, working-capital and capex needs, and cost pass-through ability.

Outlook (forward-looking judgment, not reported fact): laboratory animals face a soft near term and a slow long-term headwind as the FDA and industry adopt non-animal methods — a structural demand question, not a cliff, given how central mice and rats remain to biology.[11][28] Insects have sustainability appeal but stay execution-sensitive.[17][18] Bison looks structurally supply-constrained with steady premium demand — a durable niche, not a scalable market.[6][8] Cervids stay boxed in by CWD and state rules; camelids, companion animals, and worms remain lifestyle and fragmented.[27]

Net: treat NAICS 11299 exactly as you would its single child, 112990 — not as one industry but as a filing cabinet. The only drawer worth opening at scale is research-animal breeding, best accessed through Charles River, with the clear understanding that regulation, disease, and the long-term shift away from animal testing will decide its value. For the full segment-by-segment detail, read the 112990 primer.

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Sources

Drawn from the child primer (112990); numbering matches that page.

1. U.S. Census Bureau. "2022 NAICS Definition — 112990 All Other Animal Production." https://www.census.gov/naics/?details=112990&input=112990&year=2022
2. U.S. Small Business Administration. "Table of Size Standards (13 CFR 121.201) — NAICS 112990, $2.75 million." 2023. https://www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards
3. U.S. Census Bureau. "Economic Census — Understanding NAICS / Industry Classification." 2022. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/year/2022/guidance/understanding-naics.html
4. U.S. Census Bureau. "Nonemployer Statistics — FAQ (excludes the Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector)." https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/about/faq.html
5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASS. "2022 Census of Agriculture — bison and other livestock inventory." 2024. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/
6. National Bison Association. "Bison by the Numbers." 2024. https://nationalbison.org/bison-by-the-numbers/
7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (ERS). "2022 Census of Agriculture: U.S. llama and alpaca herd decreased by nearly half from 2007 to 2022." 2024. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/charts-of-note/chart-detail?chartId=109977
8. Market Report Analytics. "Bison Meat Market Projections 2025–2033 (2024 market size)." 2025. https://www.marketreportanalytics.com/reports/bison-meat-255399
9. North American Deer Farmers Association (NADeFA). "Cervid Farming Economic Impact." https://nadefa.org/cervid-farming-economic-impact/
10. Precedence Research / Grand View Research. "Animal Model Market Size (2024 estimate and forecast)." 2025. https://www.precedenceresearch.com/animal-model-market
11. Charles River Laboratories. "Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2024 Results (RMS revenue $829.4M; RMS operating margin 13.8% vs 19.5% in 2023)." Feb. 2025. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250219203289/en/
12. Charles River Laboratories. "Form 10-K (RMS segment description)." 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1100682/000110068226000022/crl-20251227.htm
13. Inotiv, Inc. "Form 8-K — Confirmation of Plan of Reorganization (July 2026); prepackaged Chapter 11 (June 2026); OTC (NOTVQ)." SEC EDGAR. 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/720154/000162828026048369/notv-20260714.htm
14. Taconic Biosciences. "Company History (acquired by Avista Capital Partners, 2022)." https://www.taconic.com/about/company-history
15. The Jackson Laboratory. "About The Jackson Laboratory." https://www.jax.org/about-us
16. Marshall BioResources. "About / purpose-bred research animals." https://marshallbio.com/
17. Darling Ingredients. "EnviroFlight — Markets (black soldier fly larvae)." https://www.darlingii.com/en/enviroflight/markets
18. Tyson Foods. "Tyson Foods Announces Partnership with Protix for More Sustainable Protein Production." Oct. 2023. https://www.tysonfoods.com/news/news-releases/2023/10/tyson-foods-announces-partnership-protix-more-sustainable-protein
19. USDA APHIS. "Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations (Bluebook) — coverage excludes rats, mice, and birds bred for research." 2023. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/ac_bluebook_awa_508_comp_version.pdf
20. NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). "PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (IACUC oversight)." https://olaw.nih.gov/policies-laws/phs-policy.htm
21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine. "Animal & Veterinary — Animal Food & Feeds (FSMA preventive controls)." https://www.fda.gov/animal-food-feeds
22. USDA APHIS. "Guidance for Importing or Transiting Live Animals." https://www.aphis.usda.gov/live-animal-import/guidance-importing-or-transiting-live-animals
23. Science (AAAS). "Indictment of monkey importers could disrupt U.S. drug and vaccine research." 2022. https://www.science.org/content/article/indictment-monkey-importers-could-disrupt-u-s-drug-and-vaccine-research
24. U.S. Department of Justice. "Cambodian Officials and Six Co-conspirators Indicted for Taking Part in Primate Smuggling Scheme." Nov. 2022. https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdfl/pr/cambodian-officials-and-six-co-conspirators-indicted-taking-part-primate-smuggling
25. STAT News / Reuters. "Charles River suspends shipments of research monkeys amid federal probe; discloses DOJ subpoena on Cambodian supply." Feb. 2023. https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2023/02/22/charles-river-monkey-macaques-research-cambodia/
26. U.S. Department of Justice / EPA. "Animal Breeding and Testing Company (Envigo) Pleads Guilty to Animal Welfare and Pollution Crimes; Pays More Than $35M." 2024. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/animal-breeding-and-testing-company-pleads-guilty-animal-welfare-and-pollution-crimes
27. USDA APHIS. "Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program (9 CFR Part 55)." https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/cervid/chronic-wasting
28. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "FDA Announces Plan to Phase Out Animal Testing Requirement for Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Drugs" (implementing FDA Modernization Act 2.0). Apr. 2025. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plan-phase-out-animal-testing-requirement-monoclonal-antibodies-and-other-drugs