Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming — U.S. Industry Primer (NAICS 111120)

A Histometrics industry primer for public- and private-market investors.

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 111120 covers U.S. farms whose main business is growing oilseed crops other than soybeans — chiefly canola, sunflower, flaxseed, safflower, mustard seed, rapeseed, and sesame, plus production of the seed itself [1]. These are field crops grown for the oil pressed from their seed (cooking oil, snack-frying oil, and increasingly biofuel feedstock) and for the protein "meal" left over after crushing, which is sold as livestock feed. This is a farm-gate industry — the growing of the crop — not the separate business of crushing seed into oil.

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1. Overview

This is a small, weather- and price-driven commodity-crop industry concentrated in the Northern Plains and Pacific Northwest. North Dakota alone harvests roughly four-fifths of U.S. canola and leads the nation in sunflower [4]. The crops are grown mostly by diversified family farms that rotate oilseeds against wheat, corn, and soybeans depending on which crop pencils out best each spring.

Why it matters to an investor. There is essentially no pure-play public company that just farms these oilseeds — the acreage is owned by thousands of private family operations. Public-market investors instead get exposure around the farm gate: through the crushers and grain traders that buy the seed, the seed and fertilizer suppliers that sell into it, farm-equipment makers, and farmland-owning real-estate investment trusts (REITs). Private investors participate more directly — owning or leasing Plains and Pacific Northwest cropland, buying into farmland funds, financing elevators or crush plants, or joining a farmer-owned cooperative.

The single biggest force reshaping this industry today is renewable diesel: canola's high oil content has turned a niche rotation crop into a prized biofuel feedstock, driving record acreage and a wave of new crushing plants in the Northern Plains [13]. The central economics, though, stay simple and volatile — yield per acre × farm-gate price, less the cost of seed, fertilizer, chemicals, fuel, machinery, land rent, storage, and transport.

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2. What it is & how it's structured

Scope. NAICS 111120 is farms primarily growing oilseed-producing plants except soybeans — canola/rapeseed, sunflower, safflower, flax (linseed), mustard seed, and sesame — whether the seed is destined for oil, industrial use, feed, or planting [1].

What it excludes (these are separate industries):

• Soybean farming — NAICS 111110. Soybeans are by far the largest U.S. oilseed and have their own code; they still account for more than 90% of U.S. oilseed production [5]. This primer's crops are the "everything-else" oilseeds.

• Oilseed & grain combination farming — NAICS 111191, and all other grain farming — NAICS 111199. Many farms that grow canola or sunflower in rotation with wheat land here, not under 111120 (see the undercount note in Section 3).

• Peanut farming — NAICS 111992.

• Oilseed processing / crushing (pressing seed into oil and meal) — that is soybean & other oilseed processing, NAICS 311224, a manufacturing activity, not farming.

• Farm management and custom crop services — generally the support-activity codes in NAICS 1151.

Ownership mix. The industry is overwhelmingly privately held family farms. In the 2022 Census of Agriculture, family farms were about 95% of all U.S. farms; small family farms were the large majority of the farm count but a minority of sales, while a relatively small group of large-scale family farms produced roughly half of all agricultural output [4]. Among the specialized grain-and-oilseed farms most relevant here, the family-farm share was ~92%, they averaged about 845 acres (versus 463 for all U.S. farms), and the count selling grains and oilseeds fell about 6% between 2017 and 2022 as acreage shifted to fewer, larger operations [4]. Downstream, the buyers are highly concentrated: a handful of global traders and cooperatives crush and market almost all the crop (Section 8).

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3. How big it is

Business statistics badly understate this industry — read this first. Our ground-truth federal file for NAICS 111120 contains only one business statistic: the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) 2023 size standard of $2.25 million in average annual receipts [18] — a program-eligibility threshold, not a size estimate. There is no reliable Economic Census or employer count, for two structural reasons: (1) the Census Bureau's Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB) and its Nonemployer Statistics program both explicitly exclude crop and animal production, so no clean federal employer/establishment tally exists for farming at all; and (2) most oilseed acreage is grown by diversified farms whose primary classification is wheat, soybeans, or "oilseed & grain combination" farming (NAICS 111191), not 111120. Commercial business registries list only ~200 "establishments" under 111120 [1] — a figure that reflects those classification quirks and the fact that most growers are sole proprietors with no paid employees, not the true number of farms growing these crops.

The meaningful gauge is USDA crop data. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), through its National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), publishes crop acreage, production, and value rather than a clean NAICS total. For the 2025 crop year the main reported crops looked like this [2][3]:

Adding mustard seed (about $46 million in 2024; USDA does not report every crop every year) brings the group to roughly $1.6 billion in 2025. Sesame is grown but not separately reported and is small [2]. These are crop-series figures in mixed units, not a complete NAICS 111120 market total, and the 2025 values are preliminary; no suppressed state-level values are used above [2][3].

This is a cyclical number. The same crop group was worth roughly $2.1 billion in 2022 and about $1.3 billion in 2024 before recovering in 2025 — sunflower alone swung from a $763 million crop value in 2022 to $227 million in 2024 and back to $516.6 million in 2025 as prices and acres moved [2]. Geographically the industry is concentrated: North Dakota harvests roughly 79% of U.S. canola and leads sunflower, with Montana, Minnesota, South Dakota, and the Pacific Northwest/Idaho accounting for most of the rest [4].

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4. The investable universe

There is no pure-play public U.S. oilseed farmer. The acreage is private. Public investors get exposure through adjacent links in the chain; private investors can own the land or the operation directly.

Public companies (indirect exposure):

The farmland REITs and processors are diversified — oilseed-except-soybean is a small slice of each, so treat them as broad agriculture exposure, not a targeted bet.

Major private / other owners:

• Family farms — the actual producers; own land and equipment directly.

• Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, Richardson, Viterra — privately or closely held traders and crushers that, with ADM and Bunge, form the "ABCD" grain-trading group (ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus) and dominate purchasing [22][24][28].

• Scoular — employee-owned agribusiness with canola crushing, storage, and feed-meal operations [25].

• Farmland investment funds — e.g., Nuveen/Westchester and Manulife/John Hancock manage institutional cropland; a private-market route to land exposure.

Most of these are downstream of the farm gate — ownership of processing and logistics assets often matters more economically than ownership of the farms themselves.

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5. How the money works

The value chain runs: **seed & inputs → farm production → elevator/terminal → crusher & refiner → oil

• protein meal → food, biofuel, and animal-feed customers.** A farm does not capture the processor's oil-and-meal spread; it sells raw seed at the farm gate, and the crusher earns the difference between seed cost and the value of oil, meal, logistics, refining, and policy credits.

Oilseed farmers are price-takers whose economics come down to a per-acre margin:

Revenue per acre = yield (lb or bu/acre) × farm-gate price − input costs. In 2024, realized U.S. prices ran about $20.00 per hundredweight (cwt, = 100 lb) for canola and $19.90/cwt for sunflower; premium seeds pay more (mustard ~$45/cwt) [2]. Costs are seed, fertilizer, chemicals, fuel, machinery, and land rent — chemicals alone are roughly 14% of expenses on grain/oilseed farms [4]. "Basis" — the gap between the local cash price and the relevant futures price — determines how much of the national price a grower actually receives.

Three levers decide whether owners make money:

1. The acreage-competition decision. Every spring, growers plant whichever crop offers the best expected net return per acre. Oilseeds win or lose acres fast against wheat, corn, and soybeans — which is why sunflower planted acreage fell sharply in 2024, then rebounded roughly 38% in 2025 as the economics flipped [7]. Owner profitability is as much about rotation choice as farming skill.

2. The crush spread and basis. Farm-gate prices track the economics of turning seed into oil + meal. When oil is valuable (see biofuel demand, Section 6), crushers bid up seed, local basis improves, and farm margins widen. Because raw-material cost and product price move together, margin — not revenue — is the informative metric for the processors [19].

3. Government support and land appreciation. Thin, volatile margins are cushioned by federal programs — crop insurance (USDA Risk Management Agency, RMA) and ARC/PLC commodity payments (Section 7); grain/oilseed farms averaged about $28,964 in government payments in 2022 [4]. And because these are land-based businesses, a large share of owner return over time is appreciation in farmland value, not just the annual crop — exactly what the farmland REITs and funds in Section 4 monetize.

The industry is seasonal and cyclical: a strong harvest lifts volume but can depress price, while a poor harvest raises price but cuts the tonnage a grower has to sell.

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6. What drives demand

Vegetable oil — food and, increasingly, fuel. These seeds are ~20–40% oil (canola is ~40%, almost double soybeans) [13]. Demand splits across:

• Food oil. Canola and high-oleic sunflower oil are staple cooking and snack-frying oils; Frito-Lay (PepsiCo) shifted snacks to sunflower oil, and U.S. high-oleic/NuSun sunflower-oil use has grown sharply [31]. Sunflower is among the world's largest edible-oil crops.

• Renewable diesel / biofuel — the swing factor. Canola's high oil yield has made it a prized feedstock for biomass-based diesel, and new crush plants are being built in the Northern Plains specifically to serve renewable-diesel refiners [13]. USDA's July 2026 outlook projects record 2026/27 U.S. canola production of about 5.4 billion pounds, nearly 3 million planted acres, canola crush of about 5.3 billion pounds, and a season-average price near $24.50/cwt [6]. This is the structural growth story behind record canola acres.

• Protein meal. The de-oiled meal is sold as high-protein feed for dairy, poultry, beef, and pork — a second revenue stream that supports crush economics.

Niche and specialty demand. In-shell and kernel confection sunflower (snacks) and bird seed command premium and commodity tiers respectively [31]; flax feeds both industrial linseed oil (paint, linoleum) and health-food omega-3/flax-meal markets; safflower and mustard serve specialty oil, condiment, and export niches. Differentiated (high-oleic, non-GMO, organic, identity-preserved) oils earn premiums over commodity grades.

Exports and trade flows. Global oilseed prices are set internationally, and Canada dominates world canola. U.S. prices move with trade policy — for example, China's tariff disputes with Canadian canola have redirected trade flows and rippled into U.S. markets [14].

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7. Regulation

Farming is lightly regulated as a business but heavily shaped by federal farm and energy policy:

• Farm Bill commodity programs (USDA Farm Service Agency, FSA). Sunflower, canola, rapeseed, safflower, flaxseed, mustard, crambe, and sesame are all covered commodities eligible for ARC (Agriculture Risk Coverage) / PLC (Price Loss Coverage) payments [8]. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), July 2025, added roughly 30 million base acres to ARC/PLC nationwide [8]. USDA Marketing Assistance Loans also cover other oilseeds; the 2025 national loan rate for other oilseeds was $10.09/cwt — a financing and price-support floor, not a guaranteed market price [9].

• Crop insurance (USDA RMA). Subsidized multi-peril and revenue insurance underpins the whole business model; rules vary by crop and region.

• Biofuel policy — the demand-side regulator. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) sets biomass-based diesel volumes and recognizes canola/rapeseed-oil pathways for biodiesel, renewable diesel, and renewable jet fuel [10][11]. Compliance runs on Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs), the tradable credits generated by qualifying fuels; EPA's final rule sets total biomass-based-diesel volumes at about 9.07 billion RINs for 2026 and 9.20 billion for 2027 [10]. The 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit (effective January 2025, extended through 2029 by OBBBA) rewards low-carbon fuels and, from 2026, restricts credit-eligible feedstocks to North American origin — a boost for domestic oilseeds. But canola's carbon-intensity (CI) score sits above the 45Z default threshold, so fuel made from it may not earn full credits — a live policy risk for canola's biofuel demand [12].

• Pesticides. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires pesticides sold in the U.S. to be registered by EPA and used per label [15].

• Biotech and seeds. Most U.S. canola is genetically modified (GM); seed traits and herbicide-tolerance are overseen by USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), with exemptions for products comparable to conventional breeding [16]. Selling produce as organic requires USDA organic certification [17].

State rules on water, pesticide application, worker safety, soil conservation, storage, and environmental permitting can matter as much as federal policy for an individual farm or facility.

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8. Competitive dynamics & consolidation

At the farm level: fragmented and slowly consolidating. Thousands of family farms compete only as price-takers; larger operators spread machinery, management, storage, and financing over more acres, and the number of grain/oilseed farms fell about 6% from 2017 to 2022 as acreage moved to fewer, larger operations [4].

Downstream (where the market power sits): highly concentrated. The "ABCD" traders — ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus — plus cooperative CHS and Canadian players Richardson and Viterra, buy, crush, and market almost all the crop [22][24][28]. Consolidation is accelerating: Bunge's ~$8 billion acquisition of Viterra merges two of the largest oilseed handlers [28]. At the same time the renewable-diesel boom is spurring new crush-plant construction in North Dakota and the Northern Plains (ADM at Velva/Enderlin, Cargill at West Fargo, CHS at Hallock, MN) [13][23][30], expanding local demand for seed and improving farm-gate basis. Downstream consolidation is structurally stronger than farm-level consolidation because crushing and refining require fixed capital, reliable throughput, logistics, and compliance systems — but exact NAICS 111120 concentration figures are not in the federal statistics, so investors should not read downstream company scale as a farm-level market share.

Seed and genetics is its own concentrated tier — Corteva, Bayer, BASF, and Nuseed supply the canola and sunflower hybrids that set yield potential.

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9. Risks

• Commodity price cyclicality. The clearest risk: sunflower's crop value fell from $763 million (2022) to $227 million (2024) before recovering to $516.6 million (2025) [2]. Revenues swing violently year to year.

• Acreage flight and substitution. Because oilseeds compete for acres, a bad-economics year can slash plantings (sunflower, 2024) [7] — good for survivors' prices, brutal for volumes.

• Weather and biology. Concentrated in the drought-prone Northern Plains and arid West; canola faces blackleg and sclerotinia, and yields hinge on timely rain.

• Policy dependence. Demand now leans heavily on biofuel rules — an adverse RFS volume decision or the 45Z carbon-intensity treatment of canola could sap the growth story [10][12]. Farm Bill and crop-insurance changes move the floor under margins.

• Trade, tariffs, and logistics. Prices are set globally; canola–China and broader tariff disputes, plus rail congestion, river levels, and port disruptions, can whipsaw U.S. values [14].

• Price and basis risk. A grower can face a weak local basis even when futures look attractive.

• Input-cost inflation. Fertilizer, fuel, chemicals, and equipment can rise faster than crop prices, compressing already-thin margins.

• Concentrated buyers. A few crushers and elevators set local basis, limiting growers' pricing power.

• Leverage and land values. High debt, rising rates, or falling farmland values can overwhelm otherwise sound crop economics.

• Quality/contamination and reputational exposure. Identity-preserved, organic, or specialty crops can lose premiums if traceability fails; pesticide use, water quality, and sustainability claims can create costs or market-access risk.

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10. How to invest & the outlook

Public-market routes. Since no listed company just farms these crops, exposure is indirect and diversified. Separate three distinct bets:

• Processing / merchandising: ADM (NYSE: ADM), Bunge (NYSE: BG) — leveraged to crush margins, basis, throughput, and the biofuel-feedstock boom [19][20].

• Inputs & land: Corteva (CTVA) and fertilizer via Nutrien (NTR); machinery via Deere (DE), AGCO, CNH; farmland REITs Gladstone Land (Nasdaq: LAND) and Farmland Partners (NYSE: FPI), which own cropland and pay rent-backed dividends — broad ag/land exposure, driven by rent, interest rates, and land values, not a targeted oilseed bet [26][27].

• Cooperative route: CHS preferred shares (e.g., Nasdaq: CHSCP) offer a yield-oriented way into a farmer-owned crush-and-market co-op [23].

Private-market routes. Buy or lease Northern Plains or Pacific Northwest cropland; invest in institutional farmland funds (Nuveen/Westchester, Manulife/John Hancock); join a cooperative like CHS as a member-owner; or operate/finance a farm, elevator, or crush plant directly. The more direct the farm exposure, the more the right underwriting metrics matter — yield reliability, cost per acre, break-even price, basis, crop mix, oil quality, crop-insurance protection, working capital, and access to a dependable buyer — not generic capacity-utilization or same-store-sales measures.

Outlook (forward-looking judgment). The structural tailwind is renewable diesel: rising biomass-based diesel demand, record projected 2026/27 canola production (~5.4 billion lb) and crush (~5.3 billion lb), and new Northern Plains crush plants point to durable, expanding demand for domestic oilseeds, reinforced by OBBBA's North-American-feedstock preference [6][13]. The near-term swing factors to watch are (1) EPA RFS volumes and the 45Z carbon-intensity rules — especially whether canola-based fuel earns full credits; (2) trade policy, particularly canola disputes with China and Canada; and (3) the annual acreage battle, since sunflower's sharp 2025 rebound shows how fast rotation economics move [7][12][14]. Net: for canola-linked processing, seed, logistics, and biofuel infrastructure the outlook is cautiously positive; for undifferentiated commodity acreage it is more balanced, since higher production can lift volume but also pressure prices. The most attractive private opportunities are assets with local scarcity — productive land, storage, crushing access, or differentiated seed and offtake — rather than commodity acreage without a cost or market-access edge.

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Sources

1. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 NAICS Definition — 111120 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming (2022). https://www.census.gov/naics/?input=111120&year=2022; establishment/exclusion description via NAICS Association, https://www.naics.com/naics-code-description/?code=111120

2. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Crop Values 2024 Summary (Feb. 2025) and Crop Values 2025 Summary (2026) — canola, sunflower, flaxseed, safflower, mustard, rapeseed prices and value of production. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/cpvl0225.pdf; https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/cpvl0226.pdf

3. USDA NASS, Crop Production 2025 Summary (2026) — harvested acres and production by crop. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/cropan26.pdf

4. USDA NASS, 2022 Census of Agriculture — Grain & Oilseed Highlights and Family Farms Highlights (2024–2025): farm counts, family-farm share, average acres, government payments, canola/sunflower acreage, North Dakota share. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2024/census22-grain-oilseed.pdf; https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Highlights/2025/Census22_HL_FamilyFarms_FINAL.pdf

5. USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), Soybeans and Oil Crops: Oil Crops Sector at a Glance (2025). https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/soybeans-and-oil-crops/oil-crops-sector-at-a-glance

6. USDA ERS, Soybeans and Oil Crops: Market Outlook (July 2026) — 2026/27 canola production, planted area, crush, and season-average price. https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/soybeans-and-oil-crops/market-outlook

7. Farm Progress, U.S. sunflower acreage surges ~38% in 2025; oil-type production expected to jump (2025). https://www.farmprogress.com/markets-and-quotes/u-s-sunflower-acres-continue-to-grow; USDA ERS, U.S. sunflower acreage falls to new low following expansion of other oilseed crops (2025). https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/charts-of-note/110335

8. USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) & Price Loss Coverage (PLC) — covered commodities and 2025 One Big Beautiful Bill Act base-acre changes (2025). https://www.fsa.usda.gov/resources/income-support/arc-plc

9. USDA FSA, USDA Announces 2025 Marketing Assistance Loan Rates for Wheat, Feed Grains, Oilseeds and Rice (2025) — other-oilseeds loan rate $10.09/cwt. https://www.fsa.usda.gov/news-events/news/03-13-2025/usda-announces-2025-marketing-assistance-loan-rates-wheat-feed-grains-oilseeds

10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Final Renewable Fuel Standards for 2026 and 2027 (2026) — biomass-based diesel volumes and RINs. https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard/final-renewable-fuel-standards-2026-and-2027

11. EPA, Canola Oil Pathways Final Rulemaking (2022). https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard/canola-oil-pathways-final-rulemaking

12. American Farm Bureau Federation, 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit (2025–2026); American Soybean Association guidance on 45Z. https://www.fb.org/market-intel/45z-clean-fuel-production-credit; https://soygrowers.com/news-releases/a-gander-at-guidance-on-the-45z-tax-credit-for-biofuel-gallons/

13. Agri-Pulse, Canola acreage expands amid renewable diesel industry growth (2026); Red River Farm Network, Record canola acres reflect growing biofuel demand (2026); World-Grain / NOPA on crush plants and canola oil content. https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/22341-canola-acreage-expands-amid-renewable-diesel-industry-growth; https://www.rrfn.com/2026/07/18/record-canola-acres-reflect-growing-biofuel-demand/

14. Agweek, North Dakota canola production decreases on lower acres as geopolitical issues shift trade (2025). https://www.agweek.com/crops/other-crops/north-dakota-canola-production-decreases-on-lower-acres-as-geopolitical-issues-shift-trade

15. EPA, About Pesticide Registration (FIFRA) (2025). https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/about-pesticide-registration

16. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Revised Biotechnology Regulations (SECURE rule) (2025). https://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/regulations/secure-rule

17. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Organic Certification and Accreditation (2026). https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/organic-certification

18. U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Table of Size Standards — NAICS 111120 (2023); size standard $2.25 million average annual receipts (Histometrics ground-truth statistics file). https://www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards

19. Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, 2025 Annual Report (Form 10-K) (2026). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/7084/000000708426000011/adm-20251231.htm

20. Bunge Global SA, 2025 Annual Report (Form 10-K) (2026). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1996862/000162828026009842/bg-20251231.htm
21. Corteva, Inc., Annual Report 2025 (2026). https://investors.corteva.com
22. Cargill, Agriculture / Canola (2026). https://www.cargill.com/agriculture; https://www.cargill.com/page/acacm

23. CHS Inc., A golden opportunity for canola — Hallock, MN canola processing (~21M bushels/yr) (2026); CHS Ag Services, Canola. https://www.chsinc.com/news-and-stories/2026/06/09/a-golden-opportunity-for-canola; https://chsag.com/canola/

24. Louis Dreyfus Company, Grains & Oilseeds — United States (2026); LDC Finance B.V. Annual Report 2025. https://www.ldc.com/us/en/who-we-are/business-lines/grains-oilseeds/

25. Scoular, Oilseed Processing / Corporate Profile FY26 (2026). https://www.scoular.com/solutions/grains/oilseed-processing/

26. Farmland Partners Inc., 2025 Annual Report (Form 10-K) (2026). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1591670/000110465926017533/fpi-20251231x10k.htm

27. Gladstone Land Corporation, 2025 Annual Report (Form 10-K) (2026); The Motley Fool, Farmland REITs (2026) for acreage context. https://www.gladstonefarms.com; https://www.fool.com/investing/stock-market/market-sectors/real-estate-investing/reit/farmland-reits/

28. Western Producer / Powder & Bulk Solids, Bunge–Viterra merger and canola crush expansion (2024); ABCD trading group. https://www.powderbulksolids.com/food-beverage/viterra-to-erect-world-s-largest-integrated-canola-crush-plant

29. CHS Inc., Creating Connections to Empower Agriculture — cooperative overview (2026). https://www.chsinc.com/en

30. World-Grain / NOPA (National Oilseed Processors Association), U.S. canola crush plant locations (ADM Velva & Enderlin, ND; Cargill West Fargo, ND). https://www.world-grain.com/articles/18882-canola-crushing-it; https://www.nopa.org/about-us/nopa-plant-locations/

31. Farm Progress / Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, sunflower-oil uses — high-oleic/NuSun, Frito-Lay switch, confection and bird-seed markets (2025–2026). https://www.farmprogress.com/crops/sunflower-oil-usage-breaks-records; https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/grains-oilseeds/sunflower-profile