Other Individual and Family Services (NAICS 62419)

A Histometrics rollup primer for public- and private-market investors

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1. Overview

NAICS 62419 — "Other Individual and Family Services" — is a NAICS industry (five-digit level) in the U.S. Health Care and Social Assistance sector. (NAICS is the North American Industry Classification System, the U.S. government's standard code for industries.) It is the federal catch-all for nonresidential social-assistance services to individuals and families that don't fit anywhere else — crisis-intervention and suicide-prevention centers, hotline and text-counseling lines, community-action agencies, family-welfare and marriage counseling (when not done by a licensed clinician), and self-help organizations.[1]

The one thing an investor needs to know up front: this five-digit industry contains exactly one six-digit child, 624190, and is economically identical to it. Everything that matters — the definition, the nonprofit-and-government ownership mix, the funding model, and the (very narrow) investable surface — is the same at both levels. This page gives the rollup's own ground-truth statistics and the essentials; for the full treatment, read the 624190 primer.

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2. What's inside — and why the level equals its one child

NAICS uses progressively finer codes: the five-digit industry (62419) breaks into six-digit national industries. Here there is only one:

• 624190 — Other Individual and Family Services (the sole child)

When a five-digit industry has a single six-digit child, the two are coextensive — same scope, same establishments, same revenue. So 62419 is not a "category above" 624190 in any meaningful economic sense; it is the same activity under a shorter code. The child primer carries the detail (scope, exclusions, adjacent codes such as child services 624110, elderly/disability services 624120, and clinical mental-health offices 621330); this rollup does not repeat it.[1]

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3. Size (this level's rollup figures)

Federal business statistics for NAICS 62419 (United States) — our ground-truth figures. Because the industry has one child, these are also the child's figures.

Reading the numbers: the average establishment employs about 12 people, the average firm books roughly $1.9 million in receipts, and average pay is about $45,000 per worker per year — a small-operator, low-wage, labor-intensive field. (Those three ratios are simple calculations from the table.) The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI, the standard single-number market-concentration measure) is suppressed in the federal data, so we do not report one; the low top-firm shares already show an extraordinarily dispersed market.[4]

Undercount caveat — read before quoting the size. These are private-employer statistics and materially understate the real footprint. Government human-services departments deliver much of this work directly and are counted in the government sector, not here; volunteers, the self-employed, and tiny faith-based groups fall outside employer data; and the biggest charities (Catholic Charities, The Salvation Army, Volunteers of America) span many codes, so 62419 captures only a slice.[2][6] Treat ~$52 billion / ~464,000 paid workers as the private-employer core, not the total social footprint.

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4. Investable universe (where value concentrates)

Because the level equals its one child, so does its investment map: there is no pure-play, publicly traded company whose core business is 62419. Value for profit-seeking capital concentrates in one place — the for-profit workplace slice, i.e. employee-assistance programs (EAPs) sold to employers as a benefit. The clearest private owners are ComPsych (Stone Point Capital), the largest EAP provider, and venture-backed challengers Lyra Health, Spring Health, Modern Health, and CuraLinc.[12][13] The nonprofit core — crisis lines and family-welfare agencies (e.g., Vibrant Emotional Health, which administers the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline; Crisis Text Line; Endeavors) — is not equity-investable.[8][18][7]

Public-market investors reach the theme only indirectly, through diversified or adjacent names — UnitedHealth Group (NYSE: UNH, via Optum), Talkspace (NASDAQ: TALK), Teladoc (NYSE: TDOC), and reentry contractors The GEO Group (NYSE: GEO) and CoreCivic (NYSE: CXW). Treat all of these as partial exposure. The 624190 primer's table and notes give the full breakdown.

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5. How the money works

The economics are contract-backed professional services, not retail — same-store sales and capacity-utilization metrics are not meaningful here. Two models coexist:

• The nonprofit / government-contract core (most of the ~$52 billion) aims to cover cost, not earn margin; its economics turn on funding mix, not pricing power. Roughly one-third of nonprofit revenue comes from government, and for large human-services nonprofits it can approach half or more.[7] Key metrics: cost per contact/case, government-vs.-private funding ratio, contract-renewal risk, and reimbursement relative to cost.
• The for-profit EAP slice runs on covered lives × a per-employee-per-month (PEPM) fee — annual, competitively bid contracts where pricing is thin and retention is everything. It is a volume, low-margin business; the U.S./global EAP market is roughly $7–8 billion, growing about 6% a year.[15]

Across both, the cost base is mostly labor. See 624190 for the detailed unit economics.

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6. Demand drivers

• Rising mental-health need and help-seeking — an estimated 58.7 million U.S. adults (22.8%) had any mental illness in 2023, and the share of adults getting treatment has risen steadily; destigmatization expands the addressable population for hotlines, counseling, and EAPs.[16][17]
• The 988 rollout — the three-digit Suicide & Crisis Lifeline handled more than 8 million contacts in 2025, institutionalizing a national crisis system and its funding.[8]
• Family and economic stress — domestic-violence, housing, and reentry demand rises in downturns. Note the mismatch: need is countercyclical while government funding is procyclical.
• Employer adoption of mental-health benefits, expanding the EAP market.[15]

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7. Regulation

Regulation follows the service, population, funding source, and state, not the five-digit code. Federal funders and rule-setters include the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, which governs 988), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS, which sets Medicaid reimbursement).[8] States license counselors and certify crisis providers; most operators are 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organizations. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) applies only when an operator is a covered health-care entity or business associate — a purely social-service organization is not automatically covered.[18] Full detail (FVPSA/VAWA, 42 CFR Part 2, civil-rights obligations, FTC merger review) is in the 624190 primer.

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8. Consolidation

This is one of the most fragmented industries in the economy — the top four firms hold just 7.3% of receipts and even the top 50 only 18.2%.[4] Thousands of independent nonprofits and small agencies, each rooted in local referral relationships and community trust, make national scale rare. Consolidation is real but mostly in the adjacent for-profit segments — private-equity roll-ups in home/community and disability care (NAICS 624110/624120) and venture-funded disruption in workplace mental health — not in the nonprofit crisis-line and family-welfare core.[15][16][8][13]

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9. Risks

• Funding dependence and political risk — the core runs on government money; grant non-renewal, Medicaid rate cuts, or shifting federal priorities hit revenue directly, and reimbursement often already sits below cost.[7][8]
• Countercyclical demand vs. procyclical funding — recessions raise need while squeezing the budgets that pay for it.
• Workforce — low wages (~$45k average), volunteer reliance, high turnover, and burnout constrain funded capacity.[2]
• Quality, liability, and disclosure opacity — a publicized crisis-handling failure can trigger lawsuits and contract loss; nonprofit and PE-owned operators disclose far less than public companies.
• For the investable proxies — EAPs are low-margin, price-competitive, and tied to employer budgets; adjacent PE roll-ups carry leverage and FTC risk.[16][9]

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10. How to invest & outlook

Because 62419 equals its one child, the investment playbook is identical to 624190's. No listed company is a pure bet; public exposure is indirect (workplace/behavioral proxies such as UnitedHealth/Optum, Talkspace, Teladoc; reentry proxies GEO and CoreCivic). The real, profit-seeking exposure is private — PE/venture EAP and behavioral platforms (ComPsych, Lyra, Spring, Modern Health), government-services contractors, and private credit against contracted, government-backed cash flows. The nonprofit core is reachable only through grants, program-related investment, or philanthropy.[12][13]

Judgment. The need is structurally rising and durable; the funding that monetizes it is durable but politically exposed; and the equity-investable surface is narrow — concentrated in workplace mental health and adjacent segments, not the crisis-line and family-welfare core. The single biggest swing factor is the federal budget posture for SAMHSA, ACF, and Medicaid.[8]

For full detail on every section above, see the 624190 primer, which this rollup summarizes.

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Sources

1. U.S. Census Bureau, "2022 NAICS: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services" (definition, examples, cross-references), 2022. https://www.census.gov/naics/?details=624190&input=624190&year=2022
2. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns: 2023 (NAICS 624190: employment, establishments, annual and Q1 payroll), 2025. https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2023/econ/cbp/2023-cbp.html
3. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census — Health Care and Social Assistance Summary Statistics for the U.S. (NAICS 624190: receipts, firms), 2024. https://data.census.gov/table/ECNBASIC2022.EC2262BASIC
4. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census — Concentration of Largest Firms for the U.S. (CR4/CR8/CR20/CR50; HHI suppressed), 2025. https://data.census.gov/table/ECNSIZE2022.EC2200SIZECONCEN
5. U.S. Census Bureau, "County Business Patterns" and "Nonemployer Statistics" program overviews (coverage/exclusions), 2026. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp.html
6. Urban Institute, Nonprofit Trends and Impacts: National Findings on Government Grants and Contracts, 2024. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Nonprofit_Trends_and_Impacts_2021-2023_National_Findings_on_Government_Grants_and_Contracts.pdf
7. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), "988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline" (Vibrant Emotional Health administrator; 2025 contact volume; funding streams), 2026. https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/988
8. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, "BrightSpring Health Services, Inc. Form 10-K," 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1865782/000119312526079454/btsg-20251231.htm
9. Federal Trade Commission, "Centerbridge Seaport Acquisition Fund / BrightSpring Health Services" (Sevita divestiture of 128 locations), 2026. https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/centerbridge-seaport-acquisition-fundbrightspring-health-services-inc
10. U.S. General Services Administration / USAspending, "Family Endeavors, Inc. Contract Award" (NAICS 624190), 2023. https://www.usaspending.gov/award/CONT_AWD_70B06C23C00000023_7014_-NONE-_-NONE-
11. ProPublica, "Crisis Text Line Inc. — Nonprofit Explorer" (FY2024 Form 990: $45.4M revenue), 2024. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/465039599
12. ComPsych Corporation, "About ComPsych" (client and covered-lives scale); PitchBook, "ComPsych ownership (Stone Point Capital)," 2024–2026. https://www.compsych.com/about-us/
13. MedCity News, "The Top EAP Companies for Mental Health Support" (Lyra Health, Spring Health, Modern Health, CuraLinc, Workplace Options), 2025. https://medcitynews.com/2025/09/the-top-eap-companies-for-mental-health-support/
14. Lyra Health, "A New Approach to the Outdated EAP" (EAP utilization and delivery model), 2024. https://www.lyrahealth.com/resources/new-approach-to-eap/
15. Research and Markets / 360iResearch, "Employee Assistance Program Service Market Size 2025–2030" (~$7–8B market, ~6% CAGR), 2025. https://www.360iresearch.com/library/intelligence/employee-assistance-program-service
16. SAMHSA, Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (58.7 million adults / 22.8% with any mental illness), 2024. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt47095/National_Report/National_Report/2023-nsduh-annual-national.htm
17. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, "Mental Health Treatment Among Adults: United States" (treatment-seeking trend), 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db564.htm
18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Covered Entities and Business Associates" (HIPAA applicability), 2024. https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/covered-entities/index.html