RV Parks and Recreational Camps (United States)

NAICS 2022 code 72121 — a Histometrics rollup primer for public-market and private investors. NAICS = North American Industry Classification System, the standard the U.S. government uses to group businesses by their main activity.

1. Overview

This industry bundles two ways Americans sleep outdoors for money: RV (recreational vehicle) parks and campgrounds (NAICS 721211), where an operator rents pads by the night, season, or year to travelers with RVs, trailers, or tents; and recreational and vacation camps (NAICS 721214) — sleepaway children's camps, family camps, dude ranches, and wilderness retreats that sell a bundled bed-board-and-programming experience. Both are land-and-hospitality businesses: someone owns rural or waterfront dirt plus infrastructure and sells the right to occupy it for a stretch of time, layering store, cabin, and activity income on top.[1][2][3]

Grouped together, they are worth understanding as a real-asset, hyper-seasonal hospitality category with hotel-like revenue economics but far lighter labor and maintenance than a hotel. The catch — and the reason this level rewards a comparison rather than a single number — is that the two halves are owned by almost opposite kinds of people. One half (RV parks) is a for-profit, fragmented, mom-and-pop business with a thin layer of public real estate investment trusts (REITs — companies that own income real estate and pay out most of their earnings) and active private-equity roll-ups on top. The other half (camps) is overwhelmingly nonprofit and mission-driven — the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association), Scouting America, faith groups, public agencies — with only a small for-profit slice an outside investor can buy.[4][10][11] So the single most important fact about NAICS 72121 is that its two children differ in who owns them and whether you can buy a share, more than in what they physically do.

The practical bottom line: the only public-market on-ramps in this entire level sit in the RV-park half, and even those are segments of larger REITs rather than pure plays. Everything else — camps entirely, and most RV parks — is a private-markets, direct-ownership, and land story.

2. What's inside — the two child industries and how they differ

The level splits into two industries of comparable size but sharply different DNA. RV parks are the larger and more investable half; camps are the more nonprofit-dominated and, for demand, arguably the stickier half.

(REIT tickers/valuations are reserved for Sections 4 and 10. CR4 = combined revenue share of the four largest firms; HHI = Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, a concentration score where anything under 1,500 is "unconcentrated.")

The one-line contrast: RV parks are commercial real estate you can partly buy on an exchange; camps are mission-run institutions you can mostly only buy in private. Both are fragmented, seasonal, and land-anchored — but the ownership map, the investability, and the demand engine differ at the root.

3. How big it is

Our federal figures for the whole level. Two U.S. Census Bureau programs measure the employer (payroll-paying, taxable) side of this industry. The child figures reconcile into the level almost exactly — establishments sum precisely, receipts and payroll to within rounding.

A useful cross-child tell hides in the payroll line. Camps carry ~56% of the level's annual payroll ($1.29B) on only ~48% of the counted employees, while RV parks carry ~44% on ~52% — but this is largely a counting artifact, not evidence that camps are the higher-wage business. CBP counts heads in a single March pay period, deep in camps' off-season, so the 50,244 headcount badly understates camps' summer peak (a camp with a dozen year-round staff may run hundreds each July), while annual payroll still captures those summer wages. Read the March headcount as a seasonality signal, not a measure of capacity — a distortion that hits the camp half far harder than the RV half.[4]

The undercount — read this before quoting a market size. For both children, and therefore for the level, the federal totals cover only firms with paid, taxable employment. This industry is unusually full of activity that falls outside that line, in three big ways:

1. Nonemployer and family-run RV parks. Thousands of small parks run on owners and seasonal help without formal payroll — outside CBP and the concentration table.[6]
2. Public campgrounds are excluded. The National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Army Corps of Engineers, and state parks together run thousands of campgrounds; by site count, government is one of the largest camping operators — but public agencies sit outside a private-industry NAICS code.[6]
3. Nonprofit and government camps dominate the camp half. Most overnight camps are run by tax-exempt organizations (YMCA, Scouting America, JCCs, churches) or public agencies, whose revenue is counted differently or not at all; the ~2,577 for-profit camp firms are the visible tip of a real footprint of roughly 7,000 overnight camps.[6][7][11]

Because small, individual, nonprofit, and government ownership dominates both halves, NAICS 72121 is one of the more heavily undercounted 5-digit industries — its true economic footprint is materially larger than the ~$7.96B of measured receipts. Third-party trade estimates that try to capture the whole market land higher: for the RV-park half, IBISWorld pegs 2025 campground-and-RV-park revenue near $10.9 billion and Kentley Insights near $9.6 billion;[8][9] for the camp half, IBISWorld sizes a broader "summer camps" market (day plus overnight) near $4.7 billion, and an American Camp Association / University of Michigan study puts the total ripple-effect impact of the whole youth-camp economy at $70 billion (direct plus supplier plus worker spending — not industry revenue).[10] Treat all of these as private estimates, not official statistics; the gap between them and the Census figure is the undercount. Our ground-truth file provides no industry-wide occupancy, average rate, operating margin, EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), or capital-spending figure for this level; those should not be inferred from the numbers above.

4. The investable universe — where value concentrates across the children

Value concentrates almost entirely in the RV-park half, and even there in a handful of institutional owners rather than the mom-and-pop long tail. The camp half has no public equity at all. There is no pure-play public company for either child — the two REITs below own RV/campgrounds as a segment alongside manufactured housing (MH), so their shares, debt, and multiples reflect far more than NAICS 72121. (Tickers and valuations belong to Section 10; the figures here describe the businesses.)

Where the rest of the value lives (private and nonprofit):

• RV-park half — for-profit private owners. KOA (Kampgrounds of America), 500+ locations, mainly a franchisor (independents pay fees/royalties); Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park, 75+ franchised locations; PE-backed platforms rolling up parks — Northgate Resorts (~28 upscale resorts, ~$160M revenue), Blue Water Development (60+ managed outdoor-hospitality destinations), and Great Escapes RV Resorts.[13][18][19][20] Government agencies (NPS/USFS/BLM/Corps/state parks) are the largest camping operators by site count but sit outside the code.
• Camp half — mostly nonprofit, thin for-profit slice. The bulk of overnight capacity belongs to nonprofits — YMCA associations, Scouting America (which alone reports 420 Scout camps plus high-adventure bases), Girl Scout councils, 4-H, JCCs, and faith-based camps — reachable through donations, endowments, and facility lending but not as equity.[11][17] The investable for-profit slice is small and consolidating: CampGroup (a large multi-camp operator, PE-backed by Caltius) and North American Camp Trust (a nonprofit vehicle that buys for-profit camps and converts them) are the notable platforms; adjacent PE (Roark's Youth Enrichment Brands, Otro's FlexWork Sports) skews to sports/day programs in neighboring NAICS codes.[15][16]

Bottom line: to own this level you buy SUI/ELS for a diluted slice of the RV-park economics, or you go private — buy a park or a camp (or the land under it), back a platform, franchise, or lend. Franchise counts are not owned real estate, and nonprofit camp capacity is not for sale.

5. How the money works

Both children run the same underlying machine — fixed-capacity, seasonal hospitality on owned land — but they differ in how much they can smooth the seasonality and in what dominates the cost line.

• RV parks: sites × occupancy × rate + ancillary. Nightly rates run roughly $35–$90 for a standard site, $60–$150+ at premium resorts; a normal site produces on the order of $10,000–$15,000 a year. Blended annual occupancy of 50–60% is typical (peak 85–95%, deep off-season troughs).[20][21] The key economic lever is site mix: transient (nightly) sites earn the highest rates but are volatile and labor-intensive, while seasonal and annual sites (often ~$300–$500/month) trade rate for a stable, low-cost income base. That is why scaled operators push to convert transient sites to annual leases — a transient-heavy operator can run operating expenses near 70% of revenue, versus ~46% for an annual-lease-heavy REIT.[20] These land-and-infrastructure assets are valued like other income real estate — on net operating income (NOI) and a capitalization rate — and the two REITs also report funds from operations (FFO), the standard REIT cash-earnings measure.
• Camps: beds × sessions × price × occupancy — with almost no ability to smooth. A camp has a fixed number of bunks and a fixed number of summer weeks; overnight tuition commonly runs $1,000–$2,000 per week, and operators target 80%+ peak-week enrollment because below that the fixed-cost base isn't covered.[13] Unlike RV parks, camps cannot lease their capacity year-round to a resident base — almost all receipts arrive in ~10–12 summer weeks against a twelve-month cost base, creating a real working-capital squeeze (hiring, repairs, and food buying happen before the money comes in). Labor is the biggest cost at 40–60% of budget, facilities 15–30%, and net margins run a thinner ~10–18%.[13] Off-season rentals (retreats, weddings, school groups) are the main smoothing tool.

Across both, the land is often half the value — large rural or waterfront parcels that are simultaneously a maintenance burden and a store of value, sometimes worth more than the operating business. The operating metrics that matter mirror each other: occupancy/utilization by site or session type, revenue per available site or camper-night, same-property NOI or contribution-margin growth, booking pace, ancillary/off-season revenue, and insurance and deferred-maintenance cost per unit.

6. What drives demand

The two halves ride different demand engines, which is part of why owning both diversifies a portfolio within one NAICS code.

• RV parks — leisure travel and the RV fleet. The RV Industry Association (RVIA) counts ~8.1 million RV-owning U.S. households plus ~16.9 million more interested in buying; manufacturers shipped 342,220 RVs in 2025 (up ~2.5%), back to historical norms after the 2020–22 record surge.[23][24] More than 52 million North American households camped in 2025 — above pre-pandemic levels but down ~1 million from the 2022 peak — with Gen Z and Millennials making up most new campers and glamping/cabins widening the base beyond RV owners.[22] Drive-to leisure, remote work, snowbird migration, fuel prices, and interest rates (which drive RV financing) all move demand; scarce sites near coasts, lakes, and national parks support rates.
• Camps — demographics, the school calendar, and childcare need. The pool is tens of millions of school-age children and the structural summer gap; crucially, for dual-income families camp is as much summer childcare as enrichment, which makes demand stickier than pure discretionary leisure.[14][30] Post-pandemic enrollment recovered to and beyond prior peaks, with many camps full within days of registration and operators pushing through steep price increases (industry reporting cites ~+20% in 2025 atop ~+23% in 2023) without collapsing demand.[14] For the nonprofit majority, demand flows through affiliation with a sponsoring YMCA, congregation, scouting council, or JCC.

The shared thread: both are premium, discretionary-leaning purchases sensitive to household finances — but the camp half's childcare function gives it a demand floor the RV half lacks, while the RV half's larger, younger, growing camper base gives it more cyclical upside.

7. Regulation

Neither child has a single federal regulator; both are governed locally, at state level, and activity-by-activity — but the binding constraints differ sharply.

• RV parks — land, zoning, and infrastructure. Parks need commercial/recreational zoning (entitlement is often the hardest part of adding supply); many jurisdictions cap continuous stays (e.g., 60 or 180 days) to keep use transient and prevent de facto residential housing — a rule that directly limits how far owners can push high-margin annual leasing. States license through health authorities (water, sewage/septic, fire and electrical codes), and development can trigger U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stormwater permitting (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, NPDES, above a one-acre disturbance).[25][26][27][28]
• Camps — child safety above all. The regulatory core is child protection: criminal background checks, sex-offender-registry screening, and mandated-reporter duties, plus state licensing (sanitation, water safety, staff ratios) that ranges from near-zero to childcare-grade. American Camp Association (ACA) accreditation is voluntary but is the de facto standard of care and, in several states, a benchmark for reasonable care. Camps also depend on the U.S. State Department's J-1 exchange-visitor visa program for international counselors, making seasonal staffing a policy variable.[24][28]

Both children share the baseline U.S. regimes: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) workplace safety, and food-safety rules based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) model Food Code.[29] But the principal regulatory exposure diverges: for RV parks it is entitlement and infrastructure compliance; for camps it is the cost and reputational damage of a serious child-safety incident.

8. Competitive dynamics and consolidation

The federal concentration data confirm an intensely fragmented level with almost no national concentration: the top four firms hold just 7.1% of receipts, the top 50 only 21.6%, and the HHI is 19.6 — near the atomistic floor.[5] A cross-child nuance is worth flagging: the pooled level CR4 (7.1%) is actually lower than the RV half's own CR4 (13.3%), because combining two distinct industries spreads the four largest firms across a bigger revenue base. The level HHI (19.6) sits between the children's — closer to the near-atomistic camp half (15) than to the RV half (59.6) — because camps are the more fragmented of the two.[5]

That fragmentation is exactly why institutional capital is moving in, but at very different speeds across the two halves:

• RV parks — active roll-up. REITs (Sun Communities, Equity LifeStyle) and PE platforms (Northgate, Blue Water, Great Escapes) are buying under-managed parks and bringing online booking, dynamic pricing, revenue management, centralized procurement, and brand standards; deals are concrete (Sun completed a $457M acquisition in Q4 2025 that included three annual RV properties).[8][12][19][31] Scale buys better insurance, financing, and technology.
• Camps — slow consolidation off a nonprofit base. The same cost forces (rising insurance, marketing, compliance, and staffing costs) push independents toward sale, and owner succession — aging, multi-generational families on land worth more than the business — sets up roll-ups, nonprofit conversions, and land-value buyers. But camps are unusually hard to standardize (families identify with a specific director, location, and traditions), so credible platforms preserve local brands while centralizing back-office functions, and the still-dominant nonprofit majority isn't for sale.[14][15][16]

The shared constraint on both roll-ups: local approvals, site-specific infrastructure, and hands-on operations make integration harder than combining hotel rooms, and difficult zoning/entitlement keeps new ground-up supply modest — which protects incumbents' occupancy. Critics note roll-ups have also brought higher rates, resort fees, stricter rules, and less personal service.[32]

9. Risks

• Cyclical, discretionary demand (both). Camping and camp tuition are wants, not needs; recessions, high fuel prices, and expensive financing soften both — though the camp half's childcare function gives it a partial floor.
• Extreme seasonality and revenue concentration (both, worse for camps). Cash flow is lumpy; a weak peak season is hard to recover, and a camp's entire year rides on ~10–12 weeks — a wildfire, water problem, outbreak, or (as in 2020) a closure can erase a season with fixed costs still due.
• Child-safety and abuse liability (camp half). The catastrophic, potentially existential risk unique to the camp half — a single serious incident can destroy reputation and insurability.[24]
• Post-boom normalization (RV half). RV-park demand has drifted down from the 2022 peak; Sun's ~1.4% 2025 decline in RV same-property NOI shows how quickly transient demand can wobble.[8]
• Weather, climate, and insurance (both). Sunbelt/Florida and rural/waterfront sites are exposed to hurricanes, floods, wildfire, and heat, and property-insurance costs are rising sharply — a growing squeeze on small operators in both halves.
• Labor supply (both, acute for camps). Camps depend on J-1 international counselors, tying staffing to immigration policy; RV parks face seasonal-labor cost pressure.[20]
• Interest rates and leverage (RV half). Public REIT valuations and private acquisition returns are sensitive to financing costs and cap rates; REIT share prices can move with rates independent of park-level performance.
• Infrastructure and deferred maintenance (both). Water, sewer, septic, roads, electrical hookups, aging cabins and pools can demand large unplanned capital.
• Data quality / ownership opacity (both). Federal statistics omit government, nonprofit, and tiny-operator activity, making market-size estimates uncertain and the public numbers a floor, not a full picture.

10. How to invest, and the outlook

Public-market routes exist only in the RV-park half — and only as segments. Sun Communities (SUI) and Equity LifeStyle Properties (ELS) are the sole large-cap ways to own branded RV-resort portfolios (each roughly a mid-teens/low-teens-billion-dollar market cap, yielding around 3–3.5% as of mid-2026), but in each, manufactured housing is the larger business and RV/campgrounds is a segment — you are not buying a pure campground company, and nothing in this level gives you a listed camp.[8][9] Sun sharpened its RV/MH focus by selling Safe Harbor Marinas to Blackstone Infrastructure for $5.65 billion (closed April 2025).[14] Camping World (CWH) offers adjacent, retail-economics exposure to the same RV-participation trend; broad residential-REIT exchange-traded funds (ETFs) hold SUI and ELS.[12] When analyzing either REIT, separate RV results from MH, marina, membership, and home-sales lines, and watch same-property NOI after insurance and infrastructure costs.

Private routes are the real story for most of the level, and the only story for camps. Common structures across both children:

• Buy the operating business — the dominant model, financed with SBA/USDA loans or bank debt; the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) treats RV parks under $10M and camps under $9M in receipts as "small," so essentially the entire level qualifies.[6] Underwrite the property, not the brand: historical occupancy/enrollment, booking pace, rate by site or session type, utilities, payroll, insurance loss runs, taxes, deferred maintenance, permits, and — for camps — director succession.
• Buy the land and lease to the operator — often a distinct, sometimes more valuable, asset than the business itself.
• Back a platform or lend — PE funds, syndications, JVs, preferred equity, or private credit (Northgate/Blue Water-style in RV parks; CampGroup-style in camps).
• Franchise (RV half) under KOA/Jellystone, or support the nonprofits (camp half) through endowments, camperships, and facility lending.

Outlook (forward-looking judgment). The two halves point the same broad direction from different starting points. The RV half is most likely to see demand stabilize above pre-pandemic norms after normalizing off the 2022 peak, with institutional consolidation continuing and operators leaning on transient-to-annual conversion to lift margins. The camp half enters with stronger demand — waitlists and demonstrated pricing power — but slower consolidation, squeezed by labor, insurance, and compliance inflation against an affordability ceiling, and anchored by a nonprofit base that isn't for sale. Across both, returns will stay highly property- and site-specific: stabilized annual-site RV communities and full, well-run camps offer steadier cash flow; transient/resort-heavy parks and premium camps offer more upside and more volatility. The main swing factors to watch are consumer discretionary spending, fuel prices and interest rates (which drive both RV purchases and REIT valuations), insurance costs in storm-exposed markets, seasonal-labor and immigration policy, and the pace of new supply. These are judgments about direction, not guarantees — the category's cyclicality and seasonality mean a consumer pullback would show up quickly in occupancy, rate, and enrollment. For a general investor, the honest summary is that NAICS 72121 is a fragmented, land-anchored, seasonal hospitality category that is mostly a private-markets and real-estate story — with a narrow public window into the RV half via two MH/RV REITs, and no public window into camps at all.

---

Sources

1. U.S. Census Bureau, "2022 NAICS — 72121 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps" (level definition; children 721211, 721214). https://www.census.gov/naics/?details=72121&year=2022
2. U.S. Census Bureau, "2022 NAICS — 721211 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Campgrounds" (definition and exclusions). https://www.census.gov/naics/?details=721211&year=2022
3. NAICS Association, "NAICS Code 721214 — Recreational and Vacation Camps (except Campgrounds)" (2022 definition and exclusions). https://www.naics.com/naics-code-description/?code=721214
4. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2023, NAICS 72121 / 721211 / 721214 (establishments, employment, annual and first-quarter payroll). https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp.html
5. U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census — Concentration by Largest Firms, NAICS 72121 / 721211 / 721214 (firms, receipts, CR4/CR8/CR20/CR50, HHI). https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census.html
6. U.S. Census Bureau, "About County Business Patterns" and "About the 2022 Economic Census" (employer/taxable-only coverage; treatment of government and nonemployer activity — the undercount); U.S. Small Business Administration, "Table of Small Business Size Standards," NAICS 721211 ($10M receipts) and 721214 ($9M receipts), 2023. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/about.html; https://www.sba.gov/document/support-table-size-standards
7. Wikipedia, "Summer camp" — camp-count breakdown (~7,000 overnight; nonprofit majority; YMCA and religious-camp share). Context only. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_camp
8. Sun Communities, Inc., "Reports 2025 Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results" (RV property count, occupancy, RV same-property NOI, Q4 2025 acquisition); IBISWorld, "Campgrounds & RV Parks in the US — Market Size," 2025 (~$10.9B). https://suncommunities.gcs-web.com/; https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-size/campgrounds-rv-parks/1667/
9. Equity LifeStyle Properties, Inc., "2025 Annual Report" and "Our Portfolio" (220+ RV resorts; annual RV/marina base rent +4.1%; Thousand Trails); Kentley Insights, "RV Parks and Campgrounds Industry" (~$9.6B, park counts). https://www.equitylifestyleproperties.com/our-portfolio; https://www.kentleyinsights.com/rv-parks-and-campgrounds-industry-market-research-report/
10. IBISWorld, "Summer Camps in the US" (2026; ~$4.7B, ~5,700 businesses); American Camp Association & University of Michigan Economic Growth Institute, "Summer Camps' Role in the US Economy" (2024; $70B total impact, 986,428 workers, ~26M campers). https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/industry/summer-camps/5349/; https://www.acacamps.org/news/press-release/exciting-new-findings-highlight-summer-camps-role-us-economy
11. American Camp Association, "CampCounts 2025" and provider mix (nonprofit majority; YMCA/faith/JCC ownership). https://www.acacamps.org/resources/campcounts-2025
12. Camping World Holdings, Inc., Form 10-K (2025; RV retail, service, financing; NYSE: CWH); RVBusiness, "Investors, Equity Firms Seeing Opportunity in Campgrounds," 2024. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001669779&type=10-K; https://rvbusiness.com/investors-equity-firms-seeing-opportunity-in-campgrounds/
13. Kampgrounds of America, "KOA Pressroom / Fact Sheet" (500+ locations, franchise model); Camp Jellystone, "About Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park" (75+ franchised locations); American Camp Association, "The Dollars and Cents of Operating a Camp" (tuition ~$1,000–$2,000/week; ~80% peak occupancy; staff 40–60% of budget; margins ~10–18%). https://www.koapressroom.com/; https://www.campjellystone.com/about; https://www.acacamps.org/article/camping-magazine/dollar-cents-operating-camp
14. American Camp Association / industry trend reporting (2025–2026; enrollment at/above peaks, waitlists, pricing ~+20% in 2025 atop ~+23% in 2023 — industry-reported, not federal); Sun Communities, "Announces Sale of Safe Harbor Marinas to Blackstone Infrastructure for $5.65 Billion," Feb. 2025. https://www.acacamps.org/research/camp-business-operations; https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/02/24/3031233/0/en/
15. CampGroup / Caltius Equity Partners — profile of a large for-profit multi-camp operator with PE backing. https://campgroup.com/about-campgroup
16. North American Camp Trust — nonprofit vehicle acquiring for-profit camps and converting them to nonprofit ownership. https://thecampprofessionals.com/sales-acquistions/
17. Scouting America, "Scout Camp" — 420 Scout camps, 60 council high-adventure programs, 3 national high-adventure bases. https://www.scouting.org/careers/scout-camp/
18. Crain's Grand Rapids Business, "PE-backed Northgate Resorts helps campgrounds step into digital age," 2024. https://www.crainsgrandrapids.com/news/hospitality-tourism/investor-backed-grand-rapids-firm-helps-campgrounds-step-into-the-digital-age/
19. Blue Water Development, "Institutional Campground Management," 2025. https://bwdc.com/what-we-do/hospitality-management-services/institutional-campground-management/
20. OH Weekly (Substack), "The Economics of Campgrounds & RV Parks" (rate, occupancy, site mix, ancillary; ~70% opex transient vs ~46% annual-lease), 2024. https://ohweekly.substack.com/p/the-economics-of-campgrounds-and
21. RoverPass, "RV Park Industry Stats (2026)." https://www.roverpass.com/blog/rv-park-industry-stats/
22. Kampgrounds of America, "2025 North American Camping & Outdoor Hospitality Report" (52M+ households; Gen Z/Millennial new campers; glamping). https://www.koapressroom.com/press/2025-camping-outdoor-hospitality-report/
23. RV Industry Association, "Media Resources" (~8.1M RV-owning households; ~16.9M interested), 2025. https://www.rvia.org/media-resources
24. American Camp Association, "State Laws & Regulations" and "Regulatory Information and Advocacy" (state licensing variation; voluntary accreditation; child-protection screening); RV Industry Association, "RV Shipments End 2025 with 342,220 Units," Dec. 2025. https://www.acacamps.org/who-we-are/public-policy/regulatory-information-advocacy; https://www.rvia.org/reports-trends/rv-shipment-reports
25. CRR Hospitality, "Understanding RV Park Legal Regulations" (zoning, ADA, permits), 2024. https://crrhospitality.com/blog/understanding-rv-park-legal-regulations-what-you-need-to-know/
26. RoverPass, "Legal Compliance in Long-Term Campground Rentals" (max-stay caps, licensing), 2024. https://www.roverpass.com/blog/regulations-long-term-campground-rentals/
27. Great Escapes RV Resorts (The Jenkins Organization), "RV Park Development / About," 2026. https://www.greatescapesrvresorts.com/about
28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities" (NPDES, 1-acre threshold); U.S. Department of State, BridgeUSA, "Camp Counselor and Summer Work Travel Programs" (J-1 visa). https://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater-discharges-construction-activities; https://j1visa.state.gov/programs/
29. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, "FDA Food Code"; U.S. Department of Justice, "ADA Standards for Accessible Design"; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, "Employer Responsibilities." https://www.fda.gov/food/retail-food-protection/fda-food-code; https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/design-standards/; https://www.osha.gov/workers/employer-responsibilities
30. Childcare.gov, "School-Age Child Care and Camp Programs." https://www.childcare.gov/consumer-education/what-are-my-child-care-options/school-age-child-care-and-camp-programs
31. Woodall's Campground Magazine, "ELS, 'Sun' Lead Charge as Investment Firms Go All In," 2024. https://woodallscm.com/els-sun-lead-charge-as-investment-firms-go-all-in/
32. RV Podcast, "Wall Street Took Over Your Campground… And Prices May Never Be the Same," 2024. https://www.rvpodcast.com/wall-street-buying-campgrounds/